Global competition in emerging technologies, especially AI, is reshaping power dynamics, with major investments by the US and China driving the race for dominance. Modern warfare is increasingly defined by dual-use innovations, intelligent systems like AI-guided UAVs, and hybrid strategies blending kinetic and non-kinetic tactics. Recent conflicts, such as in Ukraine, highlight rapid advancements in drone warfare and next-gen fighter technology.
To stay ahead in future air warfare, policies should prioritise investment in emerging technologies, support dual-use innovation, and strengthen collaboration between defence, academia, and industry. Doctrines must adapt to hybrid warfare, while regional preparedness should be enhanced through cooperation and planning.
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The Centre for Aerospace & Security Studies (CASS) was established in July 2021 to inform policymakers and the public about issues related to aerospace and security from an independent, non-partisan and future-centric analytical lens.